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Today's topic

What do you know about paraphilia?

Types of Paraphilia

Paraphila	Focus of Erotic Interest
Abasiophilia	People with impaired mobility
Acrotomophilia	People with amputation
Agalmatophilia	Statues, mannequins and immobility
Algolagnia	pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone; differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the sensation rather than a subjective interpretation
Andromimetophilia	Trans men
Anililagnia	Attraction by young men to older women
Anthropophagolagnia	Raping and then cannibalizing another person.
Anthropophagy	ingesting human fresh
Apotemnophilia	Being an amputee
Asphyxiophilia	Being asphyxiated or strangled Attraction to disability People with one or more physical disabilities
Autagonistophilia	Being on stage or on camera
Autassassinophilia	Being in life-threatening situations
Autoerotic asphyxiation	Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness
Autogynephilia	Sexual arousal of a biological male in response to the image of himself as female.
Auto-haemofetishism	Bleeding oneself (does not involve ingestion of blood). Type of autovampirism.[contradictory]
Autonepiophilia	The image of one's self in the form of an infant
Autopedophilia	The image of one's self in the form of a child
Autoplushophilia	The image of one's self in the form of a plush or anthropomorphized animal
Autovampirism/Vampirism	The image of one's self in the form of a vampire.Involves ingesting or seeing one's own blood.
Autozoophilia	The image of one's self in the form of an animal or anthropomorphized animal.

Homosexuality and non-heterosexuality

Homosexuality, now widely accepted to be a normal variant of human sexuality, was at one time discussed as a sexual deviation.Sigmund Freud and subsequent psychoanalytic thinkers considered homosexuality and paraphilias to result from psychosexual non-normative relations to the Oedipal complex.As such, the term sexual perversion or the epithet pervert have historically referred to gay men, as well as other non-heterosexuals (people who fall out of the perceived norms of sexual orientation). By the mid-20th century, mental health practitioners began formalizing "deviant sexuality" classifications into categories. Originally coded as 000-x63, homosexuality was the top of the classification list (Code 302.0) until the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from the DSM in 1973. Martin Kafka writes, "Sexual disorders once considered paraphilias (e.g., homosexuality) are now regarded as variants of normal sexuality. A 2012 literature study by clinical psychologist James Cantor, when comparing homosexuality with paraphilias, found that both share "the features of onset and course (both homosexuality and paraphilia being life-long), but they appear to differ on sex ratio, fraternal birth order, handedness, IQ and cognitive profile, and neuroanatomy". The research then concluded that the data seemed to suggest paraphilias and homosexuality as two distinct categories, but regarded the conclusion as "quite tentative" given the current limited understanding of paraphilias.

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Causes

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The causes of paraphilic sexual preferences in people are unclear, although a growing body of research points to a possible prenatal neurodevelopmental correlation. A 2008 study analyzing the sexual fantasies of 200 heterosexual men by using the Wilson Sex Fantasy Questionnaire exam determined that males with a pronounced degree of fetish interest had a greater number of older brothers, a high 2D:4D digit ratio (which would indicate excessive prenatal estrogen exposure), and an elevated probability of being left-handed, suggesting that disturbed hemispheric brain lateralization may play a role in deviant attractions. Behavioral explanations propose that paraphilias are conditioned early in life, during an experience that pairs the paraphilic stimulus with intense sexual arousal. Susan Nolen-Hoeksema suggests that, once established, masturbatory fantasies about the stimulus reinforce and broaden the paraphilic arousal.

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Diagnosis

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There is scientific and political controversy regarding the continued inclusion of sex-related diagnoses such as the paraphilias in the DSM, due to the stigma of being classified as a mental illness.Some groups, seeking greater understanding and acceptance of sexual diversity, have lobbied for changes to the legal and medical status of unusual sexual interests and practices. Charles Allen Moser, a physician and advocate for sexual minorities, has argued that the diagnoses should be eliminated from diagnostic manuals.